Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Polyester shopping experience:
1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Polyester offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Polyester at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.
2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about
3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Polyester? Wrong! If the Polyester is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.
4. Questions - Got a question about Polyester then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Polyester? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Polyester and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.
6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Polyester wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your Polyester then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Polyester site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about Polyester, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your Polyester, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
For the 1981 cinema film, see the article Polyester (film).
picture of a bend in a high surface area polyester fiber with a seven-lobed cross section
Polyester (aka Terylene) is a category of
polymers which contain the
ester functional group in their main chain. Although there are many forms of polyesters, the term "polyester" is most commonly used to refe
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r to [polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Other forms of polyester include naturally occurring cutin of plant cuticles as well as synthetic polyesters such as polycarbonate and polybutyrate.Polyester may be produced in numerous forms. For example, polyester as a
thermoplastic may be heated and processed into different forms, e.g., fibers, sheets, and three-dimensional shapes. While combustible at high temperatures, polyester tends to shrink away from flames and often self-extinguishes.
Applications
Polyester is the most widely used manufactured fibre in the United States. Woven polyester fabrics are used for apparel and home furnishings. These include bed sheets, bedspreads, curtains and draperies. Polyester fiberfill is also used to stuff pillows, comforters and cushion padding.
Polyester fabrics sometimes have a "less natural" feel when compared to similarly woven fabrics made from natural fibers, e.g., cotton. However, polyester fabrics may exhibit other advantages over natural fabrics, e.g., improved wrinkle resistance. As a result, polyester fibers are often spun together with natural fibers, e.g., cotton, to produce a cloth with blended properties.
Polyesters are also used to make bottles, films,
tarpaulin,
liquid crystal displays,
holograms, filter (chemistry)s,
dielectric film for capacitors, Electrical insulation for
wire and insulating tapes.
Liquid crystalline polyesters are among the first industrially used liquid crystalline polymers. In general they have extremely good mechanical properties and are extremely heat resistant. For that reason, they can be used as an abradable seal in jet engines.
Thermosetting polyester resins are generally copolymers of unsaturated polyesters with styrene. The unsaturation in the polyester is generally governed by maleic acid or fumaric acid. Another important family is the group of vinyl esters. Here the unsaturation is found in the alcohol part of the polyester. The double bond of the unsaturated polyester reacts with styrene resulting in a 3-D crosslinked structure, the thermoset material. The
cross-linking is initiated through an
exothermic reaction involving an organic peroxide, such as methyl ethyl ketone peroxide or benzoyl peroxide. Unsaturated polyesters are commonly used as casting materials, fiberglass laminating resins, and non-metallic auto-body fillers. Fiberglass reinforced unsaturated polyesters find wide application in bodies of yachts and as body parts of cars.
Polyester is also widely used as a finish on high-quality wooden products like
guitars,
pianos and vehicle/yacht interiors (Burns London, Rolls-Royce car and
Sunseeker are examples of companies that use polyester on their products). The
thixotropic properties of the sprayable form of polyester make it ideal for use on open grain timbers as it can quickly fill the grain and has a high build film thickness per coat. The cured polyester can then be sanded and polished to a high-gloss, durable finish.
Synthesis
Synthesis of polyesters is generally achieved by a polycondensation reaction. See "
condensation reactions in polymer chemistry".
Azeotrope esterification
In this classical method, an alcohol and a carboxylic acid react to form a carboxylic ester.To assemble a polymer, the water formed by the reaction must be continually removed by azeotrope distillation.
Alcoholic transesterification
See main article on transesterification.{||- style="vertical-align:center;"| O
\\
C - OCH3 + OHOligomer2
/
Oligomer1
| \leftrightarrow| O
\\
C - O
Oligomer2 + CH3OH
/
Oligomer1
|- style="text-align:center;"| (ester-terminated oligomer + alcohol-terminated oligomer)| | (larger oligomer + methanol)|}
Acylation (HCl method)
The acid begins as an acid chloride, and thus the polycondensation proceeds with emission of
hydrochloric acid (HCl) instead of water. This method can be carried out in solution or as an
vitreous enamel.
Silyl method
In this variant of the HCl method, the carboxylic acid chloride is converted with the trimethyl silyl ether of the alcohol component; trimethyl silyl chloride is produced.
Acetate method (esterification)
Silyl acetate method
Ring-opening Polymerization
Aliphatic polyesters can be assembled from
lactones under very mild conditions, catalyzed anionically,
cationically or metallorganically.
References
- Textiles, by Sara Kadolph and Anna Langford. 8th Edition, 1998.
For the 1981 cinema film, see the article Polyester (film)
.
picture of a bend in a high surface area polyester fiber with a seven-lobed cross section
Polyester (aka Terylene) is a category of
polymers which contain the
ester functional group in their main chain. Although there are many forms of polyesters, the term "polyester" is most commonly used to refe
'Bold textBold text'Bold text'Bold text'Bold text'Bold text'Bold text'Bold text'Bold text'Bold text'Bold text'Bold text''
Bold text
Insert non-formatted text here--~~~~
----
#REDIRECT Insert textInsert non-formatted text here
r to [polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Other forms of polyester include naturally occurring cutin of plant cuticles as well as synthetic polyesters such as polycarbonate and polybutyrate.Polyester may be produced in numerous forms. For example, polyester as a
thermoplastic may be heated and processed into different forms, e.g., fibers, sheets, and three-dimensional shapes. While combustible at high temperatures, polyester tends to shrink away from flames and often self-extinguishes.
Applications
Polyester is the most widely used manufactured fibre in the United States. Woven polyester fabrics are used for apparel and home furnishings. These include bed sheets, bedspreads, curtains and draperies. Polyester fiberfill is also used to stuff pillows, comforters and cushion padding.
Polyester fabrics sometimes have a "less natural" feel when compared to similarly woven fabrics made from natural fibers, e.g., cotton. However, polyester fabrics may exhibit other advantages over natural fabrics, e.g., improved wrinkle resistance. As a result, polyester fibers are often spun together with natural fibers, e.g., cotton, to produce a cloth with blended properties.
Polyesters are also used to make bottles, films, tarpaulin,
liquid crystal displays,
holograms, filter (chemistry)s,
dielectric film for
capacitors, Electrical insulation for wire and insulating tapes.
Liquid crystalline polyesters are among the first industrially used liquid crystalline polymers. In general they have extremely good mechanical properties and are extremely heat resistant. For that reason, they can be used as an abradable seal in jet engines.
Thermosetting polyester
resins are generally copolymers of unsaturated polyesters with styrene. The unsaturation in the polyester is generally governed by maleic acid or fumaric acid. Another important family is the group of vinyl esters. Here the unsaturation is found in the alcohol part of the polyester. The double bond of the unsaturated polyester reacts with styrene resulting in a 3-D crosslinked structure, the thermoset material. The
cross-linking is initiated through an exothermic reaction involving an
organic peroxide, such as methyl ethyl ketone peroxide or benzoyl peroxide. Unsaturated polyesters are commonly used as casting materials, fiberglass laminating resins, and non-metallic auto-body fillers. Fiberglass reinforced unsaturated polyesters find wide application in bodies of yachts and as body parts of cars.
Polyester is also widely used as a finish on high-quality wooden products like guitars,
pianos and vehicle/yacht interiors (
Burns London, Rolls-Royce car and Sunseeker are examples of companies that use polyester on their products). The
thixotropic properties of the sprayable form of polyester make it ideal for use on open grain timbers as it can quickly fill the grain and has a high build film thickness per coat. The cured polyester can then be sanded and polished to a high-gloss, durable finish.
Synthesis
Synthesis of polyesters is generally achieved by a polycondensation reaction. See "
condensation reactions in polymer chemistry".
Azeotrope esterification
In this classical method, an
alcohol and a
carboxylic acid react to form a carboxylic ester.To assemble a polymer, the water formed by the reaction must be continually removed by
azeotrope distillation.
Alcoholic transesterification
See main article on transesterification.{||- style="vertical-align:center;"| O
\\
C - OCH3 + OH
Oligomer2
/
Oligomer1
| \leftrightarrow| O
\\
C - OOligomer2 + CH3OH
/
Oligomer1
|- style="text-align:center;"| (ester-terminated oligomer + alcohol-terminated oligomer)| | (larger oligomer + methanol)|}
Acylation (HCl method)
The acid begins as an acid chloride, and thus the polycondensation proceeds with emission of hydrochloric acid (HCl) instead of water. This method can be carried out in solution or as an
vitreous enamel.
Silyl method
In this variant of the HCl method, the carboxylic acid chloride is converted with the trimethyl silyl ether of the alcohol component; trimethyl silyl chloride is produced.
Acetate method (esterification)
Silyl acetate method
Ring-opening Polymerization
Aliphatic polyesters can be assembled from lactones under very mild conditions, catalyzed
anionically,
cationically or
metallorganically.
References
- Textiles, by Sara Kadolph and Anna Langford. 8th Edition, 1998.
Polyester - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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AskOxford: polyester
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Polyester
For further information contact the Capital sales team
PhotoNotes.org Dictionary - Polyester
The PhotoNotes.org Dictionary of Film and Digital Photography. An extensive dictionary or glossary of photography terminology.
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